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Walter Bowman Russell (May 19, 1871 – May 19, 1963) was an American painter of the Boston School and a sculptor, an illuminate, a natural philosopher, a musician, an author and a builder. His lectures and writing place him firmly in the New Thought Movement.〔Braden, Charles S. ''Spirits in Rebellion: the Rise and Development of New Thought'', p. 376, Southern Methodist University Press, 1963〕 To the ''New York Herald Tribune'', Russell was "the modern Leonardo," a Renaissance man for the twentieth century.〔''New York Herald Tribune'', p.22, May 20, 1963〕 There are two biographies of Walter Russell. The first is by non-sectarian religious writer Glenn Clark, who published ''The Man Who Tapped the Secrets of the Universe'' in 1946. Because Clark collaborated with Russell, the small book may be considered an authorized biography. It has sold hundreds of thousands of copies.〔Clark, Glenn, ''The Man Who Tapped the Secrets of the Universe'', Table of Contents Page, 1946〕 Another biography was published in 2011 (Second Edition in 2013) by Charles W. Hardy: ''A Worthy Messenger: the Life's Work of Walter Russell''.〔Hardy, Charles W., ''A Worthy Messenger: the Life's Work of Walter Russell,'' 2011〕 In addition, J.B. Yount III of Waynesboro, Virginia has written a biography of Lao Russell, whom he knew well.〔Yount, J.B. III, ''Remembered for Love'', Charlottesville, Virginia: The Howell Press, 2004.〕 Thomas J. Watson of IBM was Russell's patron, and Adolph Ochs, publisher of the New York Times, his advocate in the media. The New York Times covered Russell's every public move and so provides an extensive paper trail. ==Biography== Born in Boston on May 19, 1871, to Nova Scotian immigrants, Russell left school at age 9 1/2 and went to work, then put himself through the Massachusetts Normal Art School. He interrupted his fourth year to spend three months in Paris at the Academie Julian. Biographer Glenn Clark identifies four instructors who prepared him for an art career: Albert Munsell and Ernest Major in Boston, Howard Pyle in Philadelphia, and Jean-Paul Laurens in Paris. In his youth, Russell earned money as a church organist and by leading small orchestras. His compositions, mostly waltzes, were acknowledged by Ignace Paderewski in Boston in 1891 or 1892, and on a later occasion by him in New York. "Mr. Russell eventually turned himself into one of the most self-made Americans since Benjamin Franklin."〔Newspaper clipping, 1955, in the Smithsonian American Art and National Portrait Gallery Library vertical file.〕 Before he left Boston in 1894, Russell married Helen Andrews (1874-1953) and traveled to Paris for their wedding trip and a second term for him at the Academie Julian. After their wedding trip, Russell and his wife settled in New York in 1894 and had two daughters. Russell's rise in New York was immediate; a reporter wrote in 1908, "Mr. Russell came here from Boston and at once became a great artistic success." 〔''The Fort Worth Telegram'', April 26, 1908, p.21〕 Walter Russell's careers as an illustrator, correspondent in the Spanish–American War, child portrait painter and builder are detailed in several questionnaires he answered and submitted to ''Who's Who in America.'' 〔Who's Who Inc., Chicago, 1976, p.528〕 He attracted widespread attention with his allegorical painting "The Might of Ages" in 1900. The painting represented the United States at the Turin international exhibition and won several awards.〔''New York Herald'', Sunday, February 23, 1902, p.16〕 By 1903, Russell had published three children's books (''The Sea Children'', ''The Bending of the Twig'', and ''The Age of Innocence'') and qualified for the Authors Club, which he joined in 1902. Russell made his mark as a builder, creating $30 million worth of top-quality cooperative apartments. He is credited with developing "cooperative ownership into an economically sound and workable principle." 〔''New York Times'', March 8, 1925, p. RE1〕 The Hotel des Artistes on West 67th Street in Manhattan is considered his masterpiece.〔Alpern, Andrew, ''Luxury Apartment Houses of Manhattan'', New York, Dover Publications, 1975, p. 49〕 In the 1930s, Russell was employed by Thomas J. Watson, chairman of IBM, as a motivational speaker for IBM employees. One of the employees wrote, "I consider Walter Russell's talk last night one of the finest I have ever heard. His informal talk on Personal Power created a burning desire within us to make greater use of the personal power we possess... every man present is a better man as a result of his inspiring message." 〔Zollinger, J.E., "Letter to Vice-President Nichol, September 16, 1937", Archives of the University of Science and Philosophy, Afton, Virginia〕 He was employed at IBM for twelve years, during which time he and Watson developed a new concept of utilitarian business ethics.〔"Think: The First Principle of Business Success", Laara Lindo and Yasuhiko Kimura, eds., Blacksburg, Virginia, University of Science and Philosophy, 2000, p. 109〕 At age 56 he turned to sculpture and fashioned portrait busts of Thomas Edison, General MacArthur, John Philip Sousa, Ossip Gabrilowitsch, Charles Goodyear, and others. He rose to top rank as a sculptor. 〔''New York Times'', May 24, 1934, p. 10〕 He won the commissions for the ''Mark Twain Memorial'' (1934) and for President Franklin D. Roosevelt's ''The Four Freedoms'' (1943). Russell became a leader in the Science of Man Movement when he was elected president of the Society of Arts and Sciences in 1927. His seven-year tenure generated many articles in the New York Times. The gold medals awarded by the Society were highly valued.〔''New York Times'', December 1, 1941, p. 21.〕 As World War II approached, he moved into a top-floor studio at Carnegie Hall, where he lived alone (his estranged wife Helen lived in Connecticut). At the time, he was supervising the casting of the Four Freedoms. This was a low time that required a rejuvenation of his health and spirit. There were reports of his "egotism and self-aggrandizement" that bothered him.〔Yount, J.B. III, ''Remembered for Love'', Charlottesville Virginia, Howell Press, 2004, p. 98-99, 119.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Walter Russell」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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